Potato factors

I think the most controllable or changeable factors would be the individual ones. If one has low self esteem it may take some extra effort but the effort will be worth it in the end. I believe that happiness is with the beholder, only you can truly make yourself happy and feel good. If you don't believe in yourself then who will? Intelligence can also be altered. Learning is never ending and if you put yourself in a learning situation then there is always an opportunity to learn from something. Looking at the world as if there is a lesson to be learned from everything can help alter your future for the better. There is always room to better yourself but you have to want it. Otherwise the situation your in is what you believe you should be in so no change can happen, if you really want it though you can help yourself in so many ways.

As far as spending money time and effort, I believe that parent/family factors should be looked at. Spending a lot of time and attention on family matters I think would work out tremendously. Give kids a healthy home environment and the outside world might not be that scary. A healthy environment to be yourself and express yourself is at home, parents are the people that develop you to be ready for the real world and if given the right resources parents can help develop their kid into a positive part of society. Giving kids a good school with great teachers and learning methods can help in every realm of a kids life. Responsible discipline can go a long way teaching kids how to learn from mistakes they made helps them in the individual factors. Family life goes with growing up as an individual who can make mature decisions, these things go hand in hand to help avoid juvenile delinquency.

Peers and the environment can not really be changed. You cant change other people so peer groups will be peer groups regardless of anything. The environment is beyond all control, no one person can change that yet alone a group of people either. Normative beliefs aren't going to change and these factors can influence juvenile delinquency with hardly anything to do to change that.